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How AI is Revolutionizing the DMTA Cycle
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What Were the Changes in Chapter 1251 of the USP?
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Why Pressure Cycling is Key to Life's Origin
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Why Pressure Cycling is Key to Life's Origin
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Discover the July/August Issue of LCGC International
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Discover the July/August Issue of LCGC International
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Theoretical Plates in Chromatography Explained: How to Measure Column Efficiency for Sharper Peaks
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Theoretical Plates in Chromatography Explained: How to Measure Column Efficiency for Sharper Peaks
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Benzalkonium chloride (BAK) is a common preservative composed of quaternary ammonium compounds with 8–18 carbon alkyl chains, mainly C12, C14, and C16 homologs. Because BAK can adsorb to surfaces, this study highlights the challenges of predicting adsorption behavior and the importance of conducting a vial compatibility assessment early in HPLC method development for dilute solutions of BAK and analytes with similar physicochemical properties.

Researchers at the University of Buffalo used combined middle-up and bottom-up LC–MS/MS to characterize the HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibody PGT 121. They identified multiple Fc and site-specific glycoforms and an unexpected N-terminal serine, revealing significant structural heterogeneity. This integrated approach enhances understanding of bNAb structure, supporting quality control and clinical development. LCGC International spoke to Troy Wood, corresponding author of the paper resulting from this research.