Showa Denko America, Inc., | Authors

The SI-36 4D does not require organic solvent to achieve the separation. Gradient conditions and phosphate ions are eluted within 15 minutes, so analysis time is short.

Monovalent and divalent cations in tap water were analyzed by IC YS-50.

Oxyhalides and anion standards in tap water were analyzed successfully using IC SI-52 4E. This is applicable to analyzing sources like rain, river water, and runoff.

The application successfully separates the 7 typical ions including F-, Cl-, NO2-, Br-, NO3-, PO43-, and SO42-, and it fulfills US EPA Method 300.1 (A) requirements.

The seven main anions can be separated quickly using the IC NI-424 column. Improvement has been made in the separation of chloride and nitrite ions.

Living organisms (yeast and bacteria) were not identified as the agents that produced or spoiled common food items until the 19th century. Baking, especially of bread, was among the first industries to be transformed by the emerging scientific understanding of fermentation. The introduction of commercialized yeast in the early 20th century steadily reduced the time needed to bake bread both at home and on the production line, making way for modern packaged breads.