This supplement explores sustainability, data analysis, and instrumentation advances shaping modern gas chromatography (GC). Articles examine carrier gas life-cycle impacts, interpretable clustering methods for complex GC-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) datasets, polyethylene glycol (PEG) column performance, and the fundamentals of bench-top GC–tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Additional coverage includes a two-dimensional GC symposium review and interviews on advanced methods for detecting PFAS and micro/nanoplastics, highlighting GC's expanding role in environmental analysis.