April 22nd 2024
LCGC International sat down with Zacariah Hildenbrand, chief science officer of Infinity Water Solutions and Partner of Medusa Analytical, to discuss the latest trends and challenges in cannabis analysis.
Purification and Isolation of Cannabinoids: Current Challenges and Perspectives
The current challenges and future perspectives of the purification of cannabinoids from cannabis extracts are presented in this review article.
The LCGC Blog: Analyzing Trends of the Cannabis Testing Market
November 1st 2021The phenomenon known as the “green rush” outpaces all significant analytical market areas. Given all this excitement, it is worth stepping back to examine the overarching trends and nuances of the cannabis testing environment and offer some opinions about the key players and disruptive technologies gaining traction throughout this burgeoning marketplace.
Determination of Seventeen Phytocannabinoids in Various Matrices by UHPLC–HRMS/MS
January 1st 2020A simple ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography high resolution tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC−HRMS/MS) method to determine seventeen phytocannabinoids was developed and validated for Cannabis plants, resins and their extracts, and oils. The analysis was challenging because of the complexity of matrices, the large differences in the concentration of phytocannabinoids and their pattern in various cultivars, and the structural similarity of these analytes.
Determination of Cannabidiol and Additional Cannabinoid Content in Hemp Tea
September 10th 2019Quantification of cannabinoids is essential for the accurate labelling of hemp products, both for quality control and for establishing legality with regards to d9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) content. For this article, the cannabinoid content of several cannabidiol (CBD)-rich hemp tea samples was determined and was found to often deviate from the content stated on the packaging. Just like the cannabis flower, hemp tea can be analyzed easily and effectively for its cannabinoid content using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The HPLC–UV assay of choice provided good linearity, low limits of detection (LODs), and high precision of retention time and peak area for the 11 cannabinoids under investigation.
Advancing Chromatography Methods for Cannabis Analysis
August 13th 2018The cannabis industry has been taking a hard look at the science behind their products and the various contaminants that can inadvertently be added to consumer goods. As testing laboratories begin to implement new state-mandated regulations and other consensus methods for best practices, there is a need to review the analytical instruments and methods that can deliver the most accurate results in a timely fashion. Anthony Macherone, senior scientist at Agilent Technologies and visiting scientist at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, recently spoke to us about his research in this area and the chromatographic techniques he has found to be most effective for profiling cannabinoids and terpenes, detecting pesticides, and residual solvents testing.
The LCGC Blog: Pesticide Analysis in Cannabis: Choosing the Right Technique
October 30th 2017The presence of capable students and researchers, each with a technical niche to offer, prepares us for future opportunities. On top of that structure, we also aim to maintain this mindset for our instrument selection before beginning projects. The installment of core labs at UT Arlington (www.uta.edu/sirt), making a wide range of instruments available to all research groups, has allowed our students to brainstorm about which instrument is the most appropriate for a specific analysis rather than how to make a measurement work with a given instrument.
Determination of Cannabinoid Content and Pesticide Residues in Cannabis Edibles and Beverages
October 1st 2017As a result of the rapid growth of the cannabis industry, many testing laboratories are looking for efficient, reliable, and cost-effective analytical methods to analyze chemical residues, such as pesticides, mycotoxins, solvent residues, terpenes, and heavy metals, as well as cannabinoid concentration in cannabis-infused edibles and beverages. In this article, QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe), a sample preparation technique widely adopted in the food testing industry, is introduced to the discipline of forensic testing as a viable method for the extraction of pesticides and cannabinoids in various complex sample matrices. The claimed amounts of cannabinoids versus the actual amounts are compared, as well as the pesticide residue levels in edible and beverage samples.
Analysis of Terpenes in Cannabis Using Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction and GC–MS
May 1st 2017As the legalization of medicinal cannabis continues to sweep across the United States, an urgent need has developed for fast, accurate and efficient analytical testing. In addition to testing for contaminants and potency, there is also interest in the determination of terpene identity and concentration levels present in different strains of cannabis. Terpenes have been shown to have therapeutic uses for treatment of different medical conditions ranging from cancer and inflammation, to anxiety and sleeplessness. It is believed that the combination of terpenes and cannabinoids in cannabis produce a synergistic effect with regards to medical benefits. The traditional testing method for terpenes in plant materials involves a solvent-based extraction followed by GC analysis. In this work, headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) was used to identify and quantify terpene content in cannabis. The HS-SPME method provided several advantages over solvent extraction in that it provided a cleaner analysis, free of interferences from co-extracted matrix, and was non-destructive to the sample. A cannabis sample of unknown origin was first analyzed qualitatively by HS-SPME and GC-MS. Spectral library matching and retention indices were used to identify 42 different terpenes. Quantitative analysis was then performed for several selected terpenes using spiked samples. Method accuracy was >90%, with reproducibility of
Evaluation of Modified QuEChERS for Pesticide Analysis in Cannabis
May 1st 2017While systems for growing, production and sale of cannabis and cannabis related products are well established, regulation and enforcement of quality and safety testing have lagged behind. However, state governments and private labs are focusing on product safety testing with special emphasis on pesticide analysis. This is partially the result of various product recalls, media attention and concern from patient advocacy groups. We evaluated a modified QuEChERS LC-MS/MS method for analysis of multiresidue pesticides. The AOAC QuEChERS method was used for a reduced 1.5 g amount of plant material and processed with a universal dSPE formulation. LC-MS/MS analysis used constant polarity switching ESI and monitored at least two transitions per analyte. Matrix-matched calibration was used for quantitation and both method and instrument internal standards were used. Analyte recovery validation was performed according to FDA guidelines by testing three matrices at three fortification levels in triplicate for over 200 pesticides. For the large majority of pesticides, in all three matrices and at all three fortification levels, recovery was between 70-120%.
Pesticide and Mycotoxin Analysis: Mastering the Complexity of the Cannabis Matrix
May 1st 2017Research scientists in the cannabis field are tasked with validating robust methods that can be seamlessly transitioned into production laboratories. Unlike typical disciplines where controls are easily (and legally) obtained through known manufacturers, analytical chemists working for both consumable vendors as well as cannabis laboratories must do their best to develop methods often without such resources at their disposal. As the industry matures and additional regulations are adopted, the evolution of the pesticide testing subsection continues to be vastly different depending on the jurisdiction one does business in. This creates an interesting challenge for commercial scientists tasked with developing methods that will appeal to a majority of their consumers, while also generating unexpected hurdles to said laboratories once the methods are placed into production. Ace Analytical Laboratory, located in Las Vegas, Nevada, has successfully adopted and validated pesticide testing methods for their cannabis laboratories and has gained valuable insight into how to best work with such a difficult matrix. In conjunction with UCT, LLC, an overview of best practices and method development techniques for pesticide testing in cannabis is discussed below and told from a technical perspective.