Application Notes: General

PFAS testing requirements vary by matrix and analytical goal. See workflows spanning sample preparation, targeted LC-MS/MS analysis, combustion ion chromatography, high-resolution mass spectrometry and data processing for water, soil and other challenging samples. The guide also compares approaches for known PFAS quantitation and unknown screening.

See how Professor Lee Ferguson's laboratory at Duke University combines high-resolution mass spectrometry, Compound Discoverer software and advanced cheminformatics to investigate complex PFAS mixtures. The work includes a spectral library of more than 46,000 known and predicted compounds to support identification of known, unexpected and emerging PFAS.

Get an overview of PFAS sources, environmental pathways and analytical approaches across industrial and environmental applications. This roadmap connects routine targeted testing with broader investigational workflows, including sample preparation, LC-MS/MS, combustion ion chromatography and high-resolution mass spectrometry.

Explore a semi-automated approach to PFAS analysis in soil designed to meet US EPA Method 1633A performance requirements. The workflow automates extraction and sample clean-up to increase throughput, reduce manual handling and help minimize opportunities for error and PFAS contamination.

Explore the use of adsorbable organic fluorine and combustion ion chromatography to screen for PFAS in wastewater. This application note presents results from the EPA Method 1621 multi-laboratory collaboration study, including practical guidance for adsorption, combustion, ion chromatography and method implementation.

Dive into the wonderful world of fluidic fittings and chromatography. Whether you're a curious newbie or just need a refresher, our newly revamped FITTINGS 101 Guide is your backstage pass to mastering the art of making perfect connections in the lab

Strengthen your chromatography platform. From the degasser to the detector and everything in between, view high-quality components that offer ease of use and enable high-resolution chromatography separations. With a comprehensive range of quality components and connections, you can optimize your fluidic pathway for the lowest delay volumes and maximize sensitivity.

When it comes to high-precision tubing, you want a supplier who is fully equipped to construct to your exact specifications, saving you time and complexity. This brochure highlights extrusion, cutting and forming, testing, and labeling every piece, so you receive a single assembly that’s ready to integrate directly into your system.

MarvelXACT is a connection system for trouble-free liquid chromatography. It has been expertly designed to take the guess work out of your process. It eliminates struggles with loose components as seen with other fittings on the market. It has no loose components such as nuts or Ferrell's, and it requires no tools. All you need to do is finger tighten until the first clicked feedback is received. This click feedback confirms optimum torque has been reached and installation is complete. It is that simple!

Recycled PET manufacturers need to prove their packaging is free of unwanted volatile contaminants without adding cost or complexity to their QC workflow. Acetaldehyde, benzene, and limonene are the three compounds regulators and converters watch most closely in rPET, and testing for them has traditionally required separate methods on separate instruments. This application note demonstrates a single HS-GC-MS method, using the PerkinElmer GCMS SQ 2400 System and HS 2400M Headspace Sampler, that quantifies all three compounds in one run, with strong precision, linearity, and recovery.

Flexible food packaging protects what's inside it, but the inks and adhesives used to print and laminate it can leave behind residual organic solvents. Those solvents can migrate into food, raising safety concerns and drawing scrutiny under regulations like EU 1935/2004 and GMP requirements in Commission No. 2023/2006. This application note demonstrates how the PerkinElmer GC 2400 System, paired with the HS 2400 M Headspace Sampler, quantifies 16 residual solvents in flexible food packaging with strong precision and accuracy.

Analyze seven common anions in water in just 7.5 minutes using ion chromatography with automated eluent generation and inline ultrafiltration.

Complex water and wastewater matrices can create challenges for routine analytical testing. Explore standardized ion chromatography methods, key ISO and ASTM standards, and analytical workflow considerations for determining ionic and ionizable contaminants across industrial and other water matrices.

Routine, high-throughput laboratories must balance analytical speed, sensitivity, uptime, and reproducibility while managing demanding quantitative workflows. This Instrument Insights explores how the Thermo Scientific™ TSQ Certis Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer (MS) is designed to address these challenges. Ready-to-run workflows and compliance-ready software support can simplify method development and routine operation across clinical research, toxicology, food safety, environmental, and biopharma applications. In addition, performance data demonstrates the robustness in complex matrices and long analytical sequences.

This digital supplement explores the analytical hurdles laboratories face as PFAS testing pushes into trace-level territory, from a chemical universe spanning millions of structures to persistent background contamination and non-harmonized methods across regulatory bodies. Featured research covers non-targeted screening strategies for identifying unsuspected PFAS in complex food matrices, advanced multisorbent extraction and mass spectrometry workflows for organofluorines in municipal wastewater, and findings that PFAS concentrations in estuaries can shift four- to sevenfold within a single tidal cycle. Additional coverage details the development of fluorinated SPME sorbents for selective extraction of volatile PFAS and a fast GC-MS/MS method capable of detecting 37 PFAS compounds in food packaging in just 8 minutes. Together, these articles offer a data-driven look at emerging tools and techniques designed to keep pace with PFAS's expanding chemical scope and evolving regulatory demands.

This executive summary examines how field-flow fractionation coupled with multi-angle light scattering (FFF-MALS) characterizes lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) as regulatory expectations from FDA, EMA, and USP converge on a shared set of critical quality attributes. It walks through how FFF-MALS resolves particle size, molar mass, and payload distribution in a single non-destructive run, and includes a case study comparing two authorized mRNA vaccines. Readers will see how size-resolved analysis uncovered differences in payload distribution that bulk-average methods missed.

This custom eBook examines how advanced analytical characterization is changing biosimilar development following the FDA's October 2025 draft guidance. It covers modern SEC separations for biosimilar antibodies, LC-MS and MAM workflows for protein characterization and attribute monitoring, and the role of multi-angle light scattering (MALS) in biosimilar approval. A closing Q&A with Matthew A. Lauber, PhD, of Waters Corporation, explores how integrating these complementary techniques builds a more complete, regulatory-ready picture of biosimilarity.

The use of Electronic nose (e-nose) systems to detect, classify, and in some cases quantify volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and other gases is increasing. An e-nose generally combines one or more chemical sensors to produce a characteristic response for a gas sample. E-nose systems have been investigated for applications including food quality, environmental monitoring, healthcare diagnostics, industrial monitoring, and security. A recent review describes e-noses as systems incorporating sensor arrays with controlled gas flow, data processing, and algorithms that help recognize and classify a distinctive gas mixture [1]. Although sensor technology continues to advance, the performance of an e-nose is dependent on the quality and precision of the chemical gas standards used to develop and evaluate it. Sensors must be calibrated with a known gas composition and concentration before their response is meaningful. Other important factors such as sampling techniques, differences in sensor technologies and materials, data processing, and changes in environmental conditions should be considered during calibration when analyzing e-nose performance.

This LCGC International wallchart eBook provides a comprehensive, flowchart-based reference for sample preparation techniques used in analytical chemistry. It opens with a main decision-tree flow chart guiding users from raw sample to injection-ready extract, then branches into detailed, step-by-step workflows for six major extraction methods: classical liquid-liquid extraction, solid-liquid extraction, solid-phase extraction (SPE), modern Soxhlet extraction, QuEChERS extraction (for fruits, vegetables, and other food matrices), and supercritical fluid extraction. Each section walks through decision points—such as solvent selection, particle size, recovery acceptability, and troubleshooting steps like breaking emulsions or adjusting extraction conditions—to help separation scientists choose and optimize the right approach for their sample type. Supporting reference tables (e.g., solvent pairs for LLE, SPE mechanisms and phases, QuEChERS reagent formulations) are embedded throughout to aid practical decision-making, making this a quick-access clinical/lab reference tool for method selection and troubleshooting.

Move beyond inferred measurements and gain direct insight into the viral vector quality attributes that drive efficacy, safety, and manufacturing confidence. AAV quality depends on more than viral titer alone. Capsid occupancy, aggregation, genome integrity, and product heterogeneity all impact therapeutic performance and regulatory readiness. Explore how CDMS and MALS help scientists generate direct, defensible evidence to support development, manufacturing, and QC decisions.

See how CDMS accurately characterizes AAV reference materials and generates robust data to support development, comparability, and QC workflows.

Directly distinguish empty, partial, full, and overfilled capsids while detecting additional impurities in a single analysis.

Learn how key attributes such as encapsidation, aggregation, potency, purity, and genome integrity influence AAV quality and what analytical strategies are needed to characterize them with confidence.

Discover how direct mass measurement reveals viral vector heterogeneity and provides a more complete understanding of capsid populations and product quality.

Simultaneously measure aggregates, capsid titer, genome titer, molecular weight, size, and empty/full ratio from a single analysis.

Monitor AAV enrichment as it happens to improve process understanding, increase consistency, and reduce manufacturing risk.

This supplement explores sustainability, data analysis, and instrumentation advances shaping modern gas chromatography (GC). Articles examine carrier gas life-cycle impacts, interpretable clustering methods for complex GC-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) datasets, polyethylene glycol (PEG) column performance, and the fundamentals of bench-top GC–tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Additional coverage includes a two-dimensional GC symposium review and interviews on advanced methods for detecting PFAS and micro/nanoplastics, highlighting GC's expanding role in environmental analysis.

This supplement explores sustainability, data analysis, and instrumentation advances shaping modern gas chromatography (GC). Articles examine carrier gas life-cycle impacts, interpretable clustering methods for complex GC-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) datasets, polyethylene glycol (PEG) column performance, and the fundamentals of bench-top GC–tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Additional coverage includes a two-dimensional GC symposium review and interviews on advanced methods for detecting PFAS and micro/nanoplastics, highlighting GC's expanding role in environmental analysis.