A new generation of instrumentation for liquid-liquid chromatography is available and is allowing scientists to fully realize the benefits of this orthogonal liquid chromatographic technique.
Complete resolution is the ultimate goal when attempting separation of the components of a mixture. Resolution is directly proportional to efficiency, selectivity and retention. If the value of any one of these three determinants decreases then the only way that resolution can be maintained is by increasing the magnitude of at least one of the other two.
For the last 40 years solid–liquid chromatographers have mainly considered efficiency as the determinant of good resolution and that has led to the conclusion that all separations must have high efficiency to achieve good resolution and that without high efficiency, the best resolution is unlikely to be attained.
Some scientists have long been aware of the potential advantages that liquid–liquid chromatography, where resolution is determined by selectivity rather than efficiency, could offer to complement existing solid–liquid chromatography. Because of the generally poor performance with separation times measured in hours and unreliability of instrumentation, which was primarily supplied by enthusiasts rather than engineering companies, liquid–liquid chromatography has only been used in a small number of niche applications during the last 30 to 40 years. The wider chromatographic community has been reluctant to use the technique with the complementary benefits it offers. Apart from any other benefits that the technique offers, it shows significant advantage when used with poorly soluble samples that can be problematic when using RP-HPLC.
Now, a new generation of instrumentation for liquid–liquid chromatography — high performance counter current chromatography (HPCCC) — is available and is allowing scientists to fully realize the benefits of this orthogonal liquid chromatographic technique.
Investigating Synthetic Cathinone Positional Isomers using LC–EAD-MS
November 7th 2024Peng Che fom Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam in the Netherlands discusses the benefits of hyphenating liquid chromatography (LC) with electron activated dissociation mass spectrometry (EAD-MS) to analyze cathinone positional isomers.
RP-HPLC to Compare Genotoxic Impurities in Extracted and Synthetic Nicotine
November 7th 2024A recent study examined the impurity profile of thirteen different lots of synthetic nicotine and compared them to fourteen lots of nicotine extracted from plants using in-house analytical methods, with samples tested for alkaloids and phenols with reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC).
AI and GenAI Applications to Help Optimize Purification and Yield of Antibodies From Plasma
October 31st 2024Deriving antibodies from plasma products involves several steps, typically starting from the collection of plasma and ending with the purification of the desired antibodies. These are: plasma collection; plasma pooling; fractionation; antibody purification; concentration and formulation; quality control; and packaging and storage. This process results in a purified antibody product that can be used for therapeutic purposes, diagnostic tests, or research. Each step is critical to ensure the safety, efficacy, and quality of the final product. Applications of AI/GenAI in many of these steps can significantly help in the optimization of purification and yield of the desired antibodies. Some specific use-cases are: selecting and optimizing plasma units for optimized plasma pooling; GenAI solution for enterprise search on internal knowledge portal; analysing and optimizing production batch profitability, inventory, yields; monitoring production batch key performance indicators for outlier identification; monitoring production equipment to predict maintenance events; and reducing quality control laboratory testing turnaround time.
Analyzing Regional Aroma Characteristics of Wines with GC-MS
November 6th 2024The aroma properties of spontaneously fermented Cabernet Sauvignon wines produced from seven sub-regions of Shangri-La, China were comprehensively analyzed using the headspace micro-extraction with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), odor activity values, and olfactory evaluation.
A Dream Come True: Separation Science at Analytica
November 6th 2024At Analytica this year, an oral session titled “A Dream Comes True: Fantastic News from Analytical Chemistry” focused on cutting-edge techniques in separation science in Hall 5 of the International Congress Center Munich (ICM) International Congress Center Munich (ICM).