How Mass Spectrometry and Ambient Ionization Techniques Are Improving Drug Detection in Forensics

Since the 2009 National Academies report on strengthening forensic science, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has prioritized advancing forensic chemistry research. Part of that effort takes place within the Material Measurement Science Division (MMSD), which is one area of the forensic science research effort at NIST. MMSD focuses on seized drugs, ignitable liquids, gunshot residue, and trace evidence, working closely with practitioners, industry, and other NIST scientists to address pressing analytical challenges and implement practical solutions (1). Equipped with both standard and emerging technologies such as gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry (DART-MS), MMSD develops new methods, spectral libraries, workflows, and visualization tools that enhance safety, speed, and objectivity in forensic casework (1). Research efforts span improving seized drug analysis amid evolving drug landscapes, applying rapid screening to fire debris and gunshot residues, and advancing inorganic trace evidence analysis, including modern glass standards and elemental characterization of 3D-printed ghost guns (1).