
Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) reveals a four-stage polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) breakdown in oil sludge co-composted with manure.
This note applies the EPA 1633 workflow to fish and animal tissues, enabling sensitive, low‑level PFAS detection using automated SPE and LC/MS/MS. The dual‑layer SPE design improves efficiency and recovery, meeting all EPA performance criteria across complex tissue matrices.
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