An Analytical and Scale-Up Separation by HPLC and SFC of the Flavonoid Naringenin on a RegisPack® Chiral Stationary Phase
Naringenin, a chiral flavonoid found in several fruit juices, is well known for its beneficial health-related properties, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulating activities. The HPLC and supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) enantioselective separation of (R,S)-Naringenin has been performed on both analytical and semi-preparative scale using an amylose derived RegisPack CSP.
Ted Szczerba1, Zahid Ali1, Raffaella Gaggeri2, Daniela Rossi2, Simona Collina2, Barbara Mannucci3, Stefanie Abel4, Doris Frühauf5, and Markus Juza5, 1Regis Technologies, Inc., 2Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy, 3Centro Grandi Strumenti, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy, 4Chromatographic Services, CarboGen-Amcis, and 5Analytical Development SIL, DSM Nutritional Products
Naringenin, a chiral flavonoid found in several fruit juices, is well known for its beneficial health-related properties, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulating activities. The HPLC and supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) enantioselective separation of (R,S)-Naringenin has been performed on both analytical and semi-preparative scale using an amylose derived RegisPack® CSP. The developed preparative method proved to be suitable for obtaining quick access to the desired enantiomers with high enantiomeric excess and amounts sufficient for biological investigations. Scale–up options by SFC and simulated moving bed (SMB) chromatography were also evaluated.
Figure 1: Column: 5 μ, 25 cm à 4.6 mm RegisPack®. Mobile Phase: 100% CH3OH. Flow Rate: 1.0 mL/min.
Two 5 μ RegisPack® columns (25 cm × 4.6 mm and 25 cm × 10.0 mm), which are based on the tris-(3,5-dimethylphenyl) carbamoyl amylose support, were used for the study.
Figure 2: Column: 5 μ, 25 cm à 10.0 mm RegisPack®. Mobile Phase: 100% CH3OH. Flow Rate: 4.0 mL/min.
Conclusion
A comparison of three chromatographic techniques; HPLC, SFC, and SMB (Charts #1 and #2) illustrates the advantages and drawbacks for the preparative separation of Naringenin on a RegisPack® column. Although HPLC does an excellent job in scale-up, the solvent consumption is high. Preparative SFC seems to be better suited for the separation of multi-kilo amounts of Naringenin due to substantial savings in solvent usage. An SMB process will necessitate a higher solvent consumption when compared to SFC, but can lead to an industrial approach for producing multi-ton quantities of Naringenin enantiomers (1).
Charts 1 & 2: *SFC: CO2/CH3OH (75/25;v/v), i.e. 932 L CH3OH/KgRac.
Reference
(1) R. Gaggeri, D. Rossi, S. Collina, B. Mannucci, M. Baierl, M. Juza, J. Chromatogr. A, submitted.
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