A research group from Soochow University (Taipei, Taiwan) have used a dispersive liquid?liquid microextraction technique in conjunction with an in-syringe back-extraction method to extract a polar organic compound from an aqueous sample before liquid chromatography (LC) analysis. Clenbuterol was extracted from an aqueous sample using a water-immiscible organic solvent, and the analyte was recovered in the organic solvent by a centrifugation step. The analyte was then back-extracted in a syringe from the organic solvent into an aqueous solution in preparation for injection into an LC system.