Sample Preparation

In this article, the authors look at ways to increase sample throughput for routine environmental analysis. Several strategies aimed at enhancing laboratory productivity are highlighted and illustrated with from-the-floor applications.

This month's column reviews some key considerations in the manufacture and use of microplates with particular reference to the 96-well plate.

Formic acid often is used for the analysis of peptides in proteomic studies by HPLC-MS, due to its volatility and reduced signal suppression. However, poorer chromatographic performance can be obtained in comparison with trifluoroacetic acid or nonvolatile phosphate buffers due to increased overloading, which can occur even for extremely small sample masses. Comparison of a highly inert silica-ODS and a wholly polymeric phase indicated that overloading effects on both are very similar and caused by the mutual repulsion of solute ions on the hydrophobic column surface.

Reagent water is used in all aspects of liquid chromatography (LC) technology, from preparation of mobile phase to preparation of standards, blanks, and samples. Reagent water is the most widely used analytical solvent, yet it is the least characterized, especially in total organic carbon (TOC) content. TOC adversely effects performance of LC methods and hence, reagent water quality is a major issue. Organics initially present in tap water will be reduced efficiently to low parts-per-billion concentrations by combining several technologies embedded in a water purification system. Monitoring the TOC concentrations gives chromatographers added confidence in their results.

The second part of a two-part series examining new column introductions at Pittcon 2004.

A novel device for coupling on-line in-tube SPME with capillary GC is presented by the guest authors and the method's application demonstrated for the analysis of contaminants in water.

This month'ss "Column Watch" is the first of a two-part series that examines new column introductions at Pittcon 2004.

The authors propose the use of supersaturated experimental designs for composite sampling and demonstrate their efficiency and economy in the environmental screening of pesticide residues.

Extracting analytes from biological tissues often presents serious challenges for the analytical chemist. In this column, the guest authors provide an overview of human and animal tissue sample preparation, and compare conventional extraction technologies with novel approaches to these challenges.

New miniaturized liquid-membrane extraction designs are especially suited for speciation studies of metal ions in small amounts of biological fluids.

In the welcome return of this column, Bob McDowall revisits the evolving topic of 21 CFR 11 compliance, as it applies to chromatographers. He examines the FDA's activities in 2003 and outlines the current status of its regulations over, and guidance for, electronic records issues.

The author investigates solute partitioning between the mobile and stationary phases to determine the driving force of reversed-phase liquid chromatography separations.

The authors introduce hydrophilic interaction capillary electrochromatography as a capillary column technique for the separation of polar compounds.

Highly selective sorbents for solid-phase extraction (SPE) are desirable tools for the development of selective and sensitive methods for trace analysis. Molecular imprinting is an emerging technique that can yield analyte- or group-selective polymeric sorbents.

This installment of "Sample Prep Perspectives" discusses microdialysis sampling and the opportunities and challenges it presents. The guest authors look at microdialysis theory and equipment and describe potential applications...

Autosamplers can be great time-savers, but they have their own set of problems...

Guest author Reg Cross discusses strategies for collecting samples from large masses of material. He also describes the problems associated with acquiring truly representative samples for analysis.

Current sample preparation procedures for LC–MS as applied to samples from biological matrices.

To accommodate high-throughput analysis, analysts are using 96-well plates, as well as some unfamiliar accessory products. This column describes these products and tells readers how to use them in their laboratories.