Sample Preparation

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The Erlenmeyer flask in the line with color range solvent using for analysis calibration curve of iron in waste water sample. The experiment in chemistry laboratory. | Image Credit: © Arpon - stock.adobe.com

In recent years, analytical chemists have increasingly adopted a sustainability viewpoint. Yet, at the same time, they still use traditional organic solvents for extractions and other procedures. In this installment of Sample Preparation Perspectives, we will look at solvent selection from green considerations. Trends on solvent use are presented, followed by a discussion on what makes a green solvent. Finally, the CHEM21 Solvent Selection Guide is examined as representative of tools for selecting green solvents for use in analytical methods and other chemical processes.

Nathalie Delaunay, Audrey Combès, and Valérie Pichon © Images courtesy of authors.

Analyzing trace compounds from complex samples often requires purification and pre-concentration, and online coupling of solid-phase extraction (SPE) with liquid chromatography (LC) helps minimize analysis time and solvent/sample use. Monoliths with large macropores are ideal for this coupling due to their low back pressure and versatility in various formats.

Adrián de la Fuente and Silvia Valverde Bastardo © Image courtesy of interviewees

LCGC International spoke to Adrián de la Fuente and Silvia Valverde Bastardo from the University of Valladolid, Spain, about the development of a miniaturized headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography–quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC–QTOF-MS) method for the analysis of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) emitted by native Spanish trees.

This article introduces a multi-step preparative purification workflow for synthetic peptides using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS). The process involves optimizing separation conditions, scaling-up, fractionating, and confirming purity and recovery, using a single LC–MS system. High purity and recovery rates for synthetic peptides such as parathormone (PTH) are achieved. The method allows efficient purification and accurate confirmation of peptide synthesis and is suitable for handling complex preparative purification tasks.