Application Notes: Biological, Medical, and Clinical

Modern analytical applications often demand definitive tandem MS results on ever more complex samples utilizing fast separation techniques.

Since the addition of electron transfer dissociation (ETD) to the Thermo Scientific LTQ Orbitrap hybrid mass spectrometers, ETD has become a standard tool for proteomics research together with the traditional collision-induced dissociation (CID) (1).

Analysis of biological samples frequently involves the identification of peptides from low amounts of complex samples. Confident identification of these peptides requires rapid generation of high quality, high sensitivity MS and MS–MS data. The maXis TOF mass spectrometer incorporates novel technical innovations, which together produce an unprecedented level of data quality, resulting in a significant increase in the number of peptides identified from challenging samples.

In pain management analysis, urine is often used as it is a copiously available bodily fluid that can be collected easily and used for analysis.

Danshen (Salvia miltrorrhiza) is widely used as a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and remedies containing Danshen are traditionally used to treat cardiac and vascular disorders. Danshen dropping pills are a compound preparation consisting of danshen, notoginseng, borneol and other components.

Over-expression of recombinant proteins is commonly used for the production of protein reagents in industry and academia. Problems often occur relating to the stress put on the cells to deal with this huge increase in synthesis.

The new 1 mm i.d. ProSwift strong cation-exchange (SCX) column is a polymethacrylate-based monolithic column with sulfonate functionality.

P-hydroxybenzoic acid esters, also called parabens, are widely used as antimicrobial preservatives in cosmetic products.

The new 1 mm i.d. ProSwift® strong cation-exchange (SCX) column is a polymethacrylate-based monolithic column with sulfonate functionality (1).

Glycosylation is one of the most common forms of post-translational modification of eukaryotic proteins. Glycosylated proteins (glycoproteins) make up the majority of human proteins.

When one is assessing the structure and function of a protein there are numerous analytical tests that are performed to fully characterize a protein of interest.

Porous ODS columns are the most popular reversed-phase columns used in today's laboratories.

In the production of biopharmaceuticals, there may be different analytical requirements for groups performing clone section, formulations and stability, and quality control (QC).

Methacholine chloride is a synthetic analogue of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine used to assess bronchial asthma of subjects in respiratory function labs and epidemiological field studies (1).

Biomolecules, such as proteins and peptides, represent a growing number of pharmaceutical drug entities.

Viruses are packets of infectious nucleic acid (either DNA or RNA) surrounded by a protective coat consisting of a large number of protein subunits.

Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) measures the change in the weight of a sample as a function of temperature.

Recent technological advances in macromolecular crystallography led to focus on the study of more and more sophisticated biological systems, such as protein-protein complexes.

Catecholamines are important markers for the diagnosis and management of tumour diseases of the sympathoadrenal system. The major catecholamines are dopamine, norepinephrine and epinephrine. Urine tests have shown to be applicable to measure the level of catecholamines in the human body. Various separation methods have been used for the clean-up of catecholamines in biological fluids: solvent extraction, adsorption on alumina, ion-exchange and solid-phase extraction of a diphenylboronic acid-catecholamine complex. From the point of simplicity, reproducibility and automation the last method is the most suitable and can be realized by on-line SPE–LC. Diphenylborate forms a negatively charged complex with the diol groups of catecholamines. These complexes which are strongly retained on a polystyrene-divinylbenzene cartridge in alkaline medium (pH 8.5) can be eluted in a second step from the SPE unit directly onto the HPLC column. The separation of catecholamines is performed in isocratic mode by..

A critical part of research and quality control analysis of proteins involves verifying the primary and secondary structure of a protein.

Pickering Laboratories specializes in the manufacturing of cation-exchange columns and eluants for amino acid analysis.

In many solution studies of lignin the need to invoke association and aggregation phenomena has become apparent.

This study uses the challenging analysis of a complex, multi-organ peptide digest of Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) to compare the performance of a novel linear ion trap mass spectrometer and a quadrupole time-of-flight (Q-TOF) mass spectrometer.

To guide the development of aggregate free protein formulations, there is an urgent need for formulations, there is an urgent need for complementary methods which allow a sensitive detection, characterization, and quantification of different types of protein aggregates.

Oxidation of amino acid residues can alter a protein's biological activity, half-life, and immunogenicity.

Glycosylation is a post-translational modification process that can significantly affect the biological properties of therapeutic proteins.

Geosmin and 2-Methylisoborneol are organic compounds that have a distinct scent.

Analysis of oral fluids has become a popular biological fluid to analyze for drugs of abuse as an alternative to blood and urine.