Application Notes: Food and Beverage

In food, organic acids originate from the natural biochemistry processes or are added as preservatives, acidulants and stabilizers.

Naringenin, a chiral flavonoid found in several fruit juices, is well known for its beneficial health-related properties, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulating activities. The HPLC and supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) enantioselective separation of (R,S)-Naringenin has been performed on both analytical and semi-preparative scale using an amylose derived RegisPack CSP.

There are currently several hormones and hormonelike agents with marked ability to improve the rate of growth and efficiency of feed intake for animals.

Furan is naturally occurring at low levels in many foods and drinks (1).

Coffees have aroma and taste based on where the beans are grown, roasting techniques, and flavor additives.

Agilent Poroshell 120, a superficially porous particle column, offers resolution and speed similar to columns packed with 1.8-µm totally porous particles, without generating high back pressure.

This paper describes the use of the AB SCIEX TripleTOFTM 5600 LC–MS-MS system for targeted and nontargeted screening for pesticide residue in food samples.

Aflatoxins occur naturally in peanuts, cottonseed, corn, and dried chili pepper, as well as many mixed or processed foods and feeds.

Whisky is a complex and variable material, the quality of which is affected by the raw materials and processing.

Grapefruit juice was analysed by gradient UHPLC for naringin - a major flavanoid in grapefruit juice that gives it its bitter taste. A ZORBAX Rapid resolution HD (RRHD) StableBond-C18 2.1 ? 150 mm, 1.8 ?m column was able to resolve over 60 peaks, including naringin in 7 minutes, and was re-equilibrated in just three minutes by operating at a high flow rate (0.8 mL/min). The high pressure generated (965 bar) is well within the 1200 bar operating range of the RRHD column and 1290 Infinity LC.

Pesticides are widely used in agriculture to protect crops and to improve efficiency of production. Consequently, governments, food producers and food retailers have a duty to ensure that any residues occurring in foods for human consumption are at or below statutory maximum residue levels (MRLs). Regulation EC 396/2005 adopted in the European Union sets MRLs for more than 500 different pesticides in over 300 different food commodities.

Lactose, a major disaccharide found in milk products, is catabolized into glucose and galactose by the enzyme lactase. Lactose-intolerant individuals have a lactase deficiency; therefore lactose is not completely catabolized.

This QuEChERS procedure is specifically adapted to cereal grain matrices such as corn, oats, rice, and wheat using UPLC-MS-MS and automated direct sample introduction GC-TOFMS to achieve good recoveries of 176 analytes.

Grapefruit juice was analyzed by gradient UHPLC for naringin - a flavanoid that gives it its bitter taste. A ZORBAX Rapid Resolution HD (RRHD) StableBond-C18 2.1 x 150 mm, 1.8 µm column resolved over 60 peaks including naringin in 7 min, and was re-equilibrated in just 3 min by operating at a high flow rate (0.8 mL/min).

The analysis of melamine in milk and other food products became urgent when first the pet food, and later the milk scandal were discovered in the U.S. and China.

The Agilent 1290 Infinity LC has significant capabilities for a wide range of HPLC and UHPLC applications.

The stevia plant and its extracts have long been used as sweeteners in Asia and Latin America. Two steviol glycosides present in plant tissue, stevioside, and rebaudioside A, are largely responsible for the sweet flavor (1).

Greater peak capacity and resolution can be easily obtained for gradient analysis of complex samples by using sub-2 µm particles in longer column lengths.

Most recently formulated pesticides are smaller in molecular weight and designed to break down rapidly in the environment.

SPME-GC–MS with on-column injection can be successfully employed for flavour profiling of food samples. The on-column injector of the GC-2010 can be used for SPME without any modifications, only an external ring adapter was used to facilitate the injection. The data can be compared with sensorial data of food.

The QuEChERS method for pesticide analysis was first introduced by USDA scientists in 2003. The EN method 15662:2007 is a European variation to the QuEChERS method. The method uses acetonitrile extraction, followed by the salting out of water from the sample using anhydrous magnesium sulphate (MgSO4, NaCl and buffering citrate salts to induce liquid–liquid partitioning.

Corn stover is the above-ground portion of the plant minus the kernels and it accounts for a large percentage of the global supply of lignocelluosic biomass available as feedstock for fermentation systems used for biofuel production.

All plant foods are complex mixtures of chemicals including both nutrients and biologically active non-nutrients, referred to as phytochemicals. Soy is known for having high concentrations of several physiologically-active phytochemicals, including isoflavones, phytate (inositol hexaphosphate), saponins, phytosterols and protease inhibitors. The isoflavones are what makes soy unique.

Solid phase microextraction (SPME) was used to generate volatile and semivolatile compound profiles of raw materials used in the production of chocolate products.

The presence of both melamine and cyanuric acid in concentrations greater than 2 μg/mL results in the crystallization of the two compounds, forming the toxic, water-insoluble melamine cyanurate complex.

Due to their high toxicity and carcinogenicity, aflatoxins are of major concern for food producers, the food processing industry, and consumers.

High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods are commonly used for the analysis of caffeine in beverages (1–3).

Positively identify trace amounts of cannabinoids in a complex food matrix quickly, with minimal sample preparation and no chemical derivatization.