Application Notes: General

Learn how GERSTEL Twister® Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction (SBSE) combined with Thermal Desorption GC-MS/MS enables highly sensitive determination of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in coffee, tea, and whiskey. Discover a fully automated workflow delivering ultra-trace detection, excellent linearity, and reliable food safety analysis.

EGCG, or epigallocatechin gallate, is a high-value green tea polyphenol with strong relevance in nutraceutical, botanical, and natural product research. This application note presents a liquid-liquid chromatography workflow for EGCG purification from green tea polyphenol extract using centrifugal partition chromatography. The note demonstrates how support-free separation can help isolate target polyphenols from complex plant-derived matrices where conventional solid-phase chromatography may face limitations.

Crude aqueous vegetable leaf extracts often contain a complex mixture of proteins, alkaloids, terpenes, and pigments such as chlorophyll. This application note shows how centrifugal partition chromatography can support chlorophyll remediation by separating unwanted organically soluble compounds from water-soluble protein fractions. The workflow uses LiLiChro’s midiLiLi equipment with a water-based buffer / water-saturated MTBE solvent system, UV detection at 280 nm, and ascending mode operation.

Flavoring materials from biological samples often come from complex natural matrices, where target compounds may be present alongside pigments, lipids, proteins, and other interfering components. This application note presents a fast liquid-liquid chromatography workflow for purifying flavoring-related compounds from a biological sample. Using centrifugal partition chromatography, the method demonstrates how support-free separation can help isolate valuable compounds from natural sources without relying on a solid stationary phase.

Ionisable lipids are important in advanced pharmaceutical and biotech workflows, but their hydrophobic character can make purification challenging, especially when water-free conditions are required. This application note demonstrates how centrifugal partition chromatography can be applied to ionisable lipid purification using a support-free liquid-liquid chromatography approach. The workflow shows how CPC can offer an alternative separation strategy for sensitive, hydrophobic compounds where traditional solid-phase chromatography or aqueous methods may create limitations.

Cyclosporine purification can be challenging when crude material contains closely related impurities that require selective fractionation before final polishing. This application note presents a liquid-liquid chromatography workflow using LiLiChro’s miniLiLi CPC equipment for cyclosporine pre-purification. The method demonstrates how centrifugal partition chromatography can support pharmaceutical purification workflows through support-free separation, UV-based fraction collection, and recovery-focused processing.

Nitrosamines have become one of the defining challenges in pharmaceutical analysis, and this eBook from LCGC International captures the field at a pivotal moment. Inside, a roundtable of leading voices examines a discipline progressing rapidly, yet still grappling with analytical, toxicological, and regulatory uncertainties, a survey maps the latest chromatographic and risk-modeling research, and a featured study reveals how NDSRIs can even form after a drug is swallowed, under simulated gastric conditions. Add in a practical guide to formation pathways and mitigation strategies, and you get a comprehensive look at where nitrosamine detection, regulation, and risk management stand today. Whether you're developing methods for trace-level impurity detection or want to understand where the regulatory and scientific landscape is headed, this eBook delivers the research and expert insight to keep you ahead of a genuinely moving target.

This executive summary explores how revisions to USP <621> have introduced greater flexibility in chromatographic method adjustments while reinforcing system suitability as the definitive standard for method acceptance. Heiko Behr, senior business development manager at Phenomenex, walks through key principles governing column substitution, flow rate scaling, mobile phase control, and dwell volume management during method transfer. A practical Nifedipine case study demonstrates how these allowances can be applied to reduce run times tenfold without compromising monograph-defined selectivity or compliance.

This issue of Current Trends in Mass Spectrometry brings together five perspectives on where mass spectrometry is heading next — from smarter polymer characterization and high-throughput food flavour analysis, to tackling food fraud, understanding ionic liquids, and expanding ion mobility techniques beyond proteomics. Whether you work in pharma, food science, environmental monitoring, or materials research, there's something here to inform and inspire.

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Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a diverse group of over 4000 organic fluorinated compounds, which have been widely used in industry since the 1950s. Due to their widespread presence and potential health risks, accurate PFAS analysis is essential to monitor contamination, ensure regulatory compliance, and protect human health and the environment. In this eBook, we explore our range of chromatography and mass spectrometry (MS) solutions for detecting very low levels of PFAS in matrices such as drinking water, wastewater, ambient air, foodstuffs, and consumer products. Plus, learn through a series of case studies how our LC-MS/MS systems and other analytical instruments (GCMS, CIC, QTOF…) meet and often exceed performance criteria included in EPA and AOAC methods for PFAS analysis – generating accurate results with fast turnaround times that enhance lab productivity.

Advances in analytical methods continue to enhance food authenticity testing, emphasizing untargeted fingerprinting, high-resolution mass spectrometry, and rapid portable tools. Techniques like DART-HRMS and LC–MS enable detection of adulteration at low levels, with robust validation and harmonization critical for legal and industrial confidence. Integrating chemometrics and developing standardized databases are key to addressing evolving food fraud challenges.

This article explains why carrier gas selection remains critical for modern gas chromatography (GC) and GC–MS workflows. The discussion explores the ongoing relevance of helium, the performance advantages of BIP® Helium for high-sensitivity applications, and how laboratories can balance cost, efficiency, and sustainability through informed carrier gas strategies.