Application Notes: General

Nicotine is a famously addictive alkaloid found in tobacco. Controlled doses of nicotine compounds are sometimes used to help tobacco users quit smoking.

Since the gas flow required for the separation step in gas chromatography is frequently lower that that required to optimize the detection, nitrogen is used as a make-up gas to increase the gas flow for detection.

The separation of closely related compounds is of interest to many disciplines including natural products, flavors and fragrances, and pharmaceuticals.

GC–MS analysis of urine for drugs of abuse is commonplace, but can be complicated by high matrix effects and frequent co-elution.

In the recently published 2nd edition of Modern Size Exclusion Liquid Chromatography: Practice of Gel Permeation and Gel Filtration Chromatography (1) it is stated that the debate about which column to place first when running a series of SEC columns is still open.

Cationic surfactants are used as disinfectants, corrosion inhibitors, phase-transfer catalysts, wetting agents, dispersants, and even mobile phase modifiers in liquid chromatography.

Cocaine is a central nervous system stimulant derived from Erythroxylon coca.

Illicit cocaine, amphetamine, methamphetamine, and ecstasy (MDMA) are often encountered in the form of salts and identification of the specific counter ion present may provide valuable information about the source of production and the manufacturing pathway.

This note examines the benefits of using flash or HPLC for compound purification. Results show that flash is a viable alternative to HPLC.

Urine is often used to analyze drugs of abuse because it is easy to collect and is available in copious amounts.

Method development in reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) can be challenging for structurally similar compounds.

Methods: Vials and closures were exposed to acetonitrile for 2 h and subsequently analysed by LC-UV, LC–MS, and GC–MS to characterize the interferences.

P-hydroxybenzoic acid esters, also called parabens, are widely used as antimicrobial preservatives in cosmetic products.

For many years, the use of guard columns has been advocated by column manufacturers and other experts to protect and extend column lifetime and performance of analytical columns from potential damage caused by the presence of chemical contaminants and microparticulates in the sample and mobile phase.

Phenol formaldehyde resins are formed by a step-growth polymerization. GPC/SEC with RI and UV detection is often used to characterize resins and to quantify the amount of different oligomeric species.

The analysis of tea tree oil requires a severe quality control due to its potential to induce and elicit skin allergies. Tea tree oil is an essential oil and consists of a large number of constituents. Heart-cut Multidimensional GC–MS is very well suited to analysis of samples of such high complexity.

The release of certain chemicals from building products is of increasing concern due to their potentially detrimental effect on human health and the environment; therefore, new regulations requiring the production of low emission materials are currently being implemented. Novel sampling technology has been developed to help building product manufacturers obtain informative emissions data to develop compliant products and maintain product quality on a routine basis.

This application note deals with the development of a fast method for the determination of 13 aldehyde and ketone derivates with the Agilent 1290 Infinity LC-system. The method, which used acetone as organic co-solvent, separates the analytes within 3.5 minutes.

Transferring LC methods between instruments and/or laboratory sites is a common practice that allows analytical scientists to maximize equipment usage.

For many years, the use of guard columns has been advocated by column manufacturers and other experts to protect and extend column lifetime and performance of analytical columns from potential damage caused by the presence of chemical contaminants and microparticulates in the sample and mobile phase.

Introduction

Quantification of substances, such as drug impurities or library compounds when pure standards are not available is difficult yet often necessary.

Collision-induced dissociation (CID) and electron transfer dissociation (ETD) are complementary mass spectrometric fragmentation techniques. We have used CID and ETD in different approaches to analyse tyrosine phosphorylation using a Thermo Scientific LTQ Orbitrap XL equipped with ETD.

Methacholine chloride is a synthetic analogue of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine used to assess bronchial asthma of subjects in respiratory function labs and epidemiological field studies.

Use of UV filters in cosmetic formulations is regulated by international authorities. The concentration of these compounds in cosmetic products is controlled constantly. The following methods describe a simple, fast and ultra fast LC method for determination of UV absorbers. HALO C18* was used as column.

Conclusively determine the make and manufacturer of gunpowders by characterizing their distinguishing ingredients.

Following the recent surge in popularity of flash chromatography as a rapid purification technique, two options now exist for small-to-large-scale purifications of crude samples.

The resolution of time of flight (TOF) mass spectrometers continues to improve and attributes of the instrument that once were considered inconsequential have risen in importance as the push to higher and higher resolution continues.